Global demand for petroleum to fall over 20 years – ExxonMobil

There will be 400 million more cars on the world’s roads 20 years from now, yet gasoline consumption will decline, according to a projection from Exxon Mobil Corp. in its long-term energy outlook released Thursday.

The world’s biggest investor-owned oil and gas company expects energy use overall will grow 35 percent by 2030, But that growth would be three times higher if people used as much energy per capita as they do now.

Nowhere is that more apparent than in projections of gasoline demand. People in developing countries, especially China, will drive millions of more cars and gas demand will grow, but the cars will be more efficient than those of the past.

Meanwhile, improvements in fuel efficiency in the U.S. and Europe will create a drop in demand that more than matches Asia’s growth. Demand for passenger vehicles will decline by 20 percent in the U.S. and by one third in Europe by 2030.

Exxon’s long-term energy analysis, updated and released to the public every year, paints a picture of what Bill Colton, vice president, Corporate Strategic Planning called a “tale of two worlds.”

In developed countries like the U.S., Japan, and the nations of Europe, demand for energy will stay flat even as economic activity increases by 60 percent. In developing countries like China, India and Brazil, demand for energy will rise more than 70 percent as more and more people gain access to electricity and transportation.

Exxon’s annual analysis differs from similar projections done by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in that it incorporates expected policy changes in its forecasts.

“The degree of analysis that goes into their projections is as rigorous as you get from any other institution,” says Lawrence Eagles, an analyst at JP Morgan, of the Exxon report. “It provides a good framework to look into the future.”

While demand for gasoline is expected to stay flat, demand for oil is expected to grow. Diesel, jet fuel, and other oil-derived transportation fuels are expected to more than make up for the small decline in gasoline demand.

Exxon projects annual oil demand of 100 million barrels per day by 2030. Worldwide demand for 2011 is expected to be about 88 million barrels per day, according to the analysis firm Wood Mackenzie.

Colton said Thursday that the oil industry will have “no problem whatsoever” meeting the increased oil demand. He expects the industry to have 5 million to 6 million barrels per day of excess capacity throughout the next twenty years.

Despite the BP oil spill in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, much of the new supplies needed to meet growing demand will come from deep water drilling throughout the world. By the end of the decade, Colton said, deep water production will outpace production from Saudi Arabia.

BP PLC also issues an annual energy forecast. BP’s forecast, which was released January 19, predicts a 39 percent jump in global energy demand, also driven by the growth of developing countries. Like Exxon, BP predicts large improvements in energy efficiency.

Exxon does predict a few other major shifts in energy demand. Natural gas is expected to displace coal as the second most important worldwide fuel by 2020.

Exxon has already acted on that projection: Last year it completed a $31 billion purchase of the natural gas producer XTO.

The shift to natural gas is being driven by new drilling technology that allows companies to tap huge reserves of natural gas. And Exxon expects that clean air and climate change regulations around the world will make coal more expensive.

Nuclear power will grow steadily, Exxon says, and renewable power will grow fastest of all, about 10 percent per year. Still, by 2020, Exxon predicts only 2.5 percent of global energy demand will be met with renewable power.

Among the biggest wild cards that could upset Exxon’s forecasts: Batteries for electric cars. Colton said a cheap, lightweight battery that stores a lot of energy and can be easily recharged could cut sharply into demand for transportation fuel.

“We don’t see breakthroughs coming,” he said. “But we’re watching it closely.”

Source: AP